MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOT 309
Forman Christian College
A Chartered University
•Metabolism is …
•Importance of metabolism
•Types of metabolism
–Catabolism
–Anabolism
–Change
•Location of metabolism
•Enzymes (review)
–Characteristics
–Types of enzyme structures
–Substrate specificity
–Reaction favorability*
–Co-factors*
•Bacterial Metabolism – Big Picture
•Bacterial Metabolism – Catabolism
–Overview
–Glycolysis reactions
–Transition reaction
–Kreb’s cycle
•Catabolism - metabolic diversity if not covered earlier
•Electron Transport Chain and Chemiomosis*
•Metabolism = all biochemical reactions taking place in organism
Cpnversion (change, rearrangement) reactions
•One molecule becomes another
•Structure changes
•Not use or generate energy
Anabolism uses endergonic reactions
•Uses energy
•Forms bonds
•builds larger molecules, ie, proteins, carbohydrates
Catabolism is exergonic
•Releases/produces energy, i.e., makes ATP
•Breaks bonds
•Hydrolyzes larger molecules into simpler molecules
| COMPARISON | |
| Anabolism | Catabolism |
| Buildup of bigger molecules | Breakdown of larger molecules |
| Products are large molecules | Products are small molecules |
| Protein, peptidoglycan, DNA, RNA | Glycolysis, citric acid cycle |
| Mediated by enzymes | Mediated by enzymes |
| E required (endergonic) | E released (exergonic) |
•Growth depends on metabolism
•All 3 types of reactions happening at the same time butanabolism or catabolism dominate at different phases of growth
•Carried out by wide variety of enzymes and co-factors
•Involves single enzymes and enzyme complexes
•Provides precursor metabolites to anabolic pathways
•Occurs in three locations:
–Cytosol
–On or in cell membrane
–In periplasmic space
OVERALL GLYCOLYSIS* REACTION
glucose (6C) + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP +2 Pi
2 pyruvate (3C) + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 net ATP
Is NAD+ the oxidized or reduced form?
*also called Embden-Myerhoff Pathway